javax.sound.midi

Interface Synthesizer

All Superinterfaces:

AutoCloseable, MidiDevice

public interface Synthesizer
extends MidiDevice

A Synthesizer generates sound. This usually happens when one of the Synthesizer's MidiChannel objects receives a noteOn message, either directly or via the Synthesizer object. Many Synthesizers support Receivers, through which MIDI events can be delivered to the Synthesizer. In such cases, the Synthesizer typically responds by sending a corresponding message to the appropriate MidiChannel, or by processing the event itself if the event isn't one of the MIDI channel messages.

The Synthesizer interface includes methods for loading and unloading instruments from soundbanks. An instrument is a specification for synthesizing a certain type of sound, whether that sound emulates a traditional instrument or is some kind of sound effect or other imaginary sound. A soundbank is a collection of instruments, organized by bank and program number (via the instrument's Patch object). Different Synthesizer classes might implement different sound-synthesis techniques, meaning that some instruments and not others might be compatible with a given synthesizer. Also, synthesizers may have a limited amount of memory for instruments, meaning that not every soundbank and instrument can be used by every synthesizer, even if the synthesis technique is compatible. To see whether the instruments from a certain soundbank can be played by a given synthesizer, invoke the isSoundbankSupported method of Synthesizer.

"Loading" an instrument means that that instrument becomes available for synthesizing notes. The instrument is loaded into the bank and program location specified by its Patch object. Loading does not necessarily mean that subsequently played notes will immediately have the sound of this newly loaded instrument. For the instrument to play notes, one of the synthesizer's MidiChannel objects must receive (or have received) a program-change message that causes that particular instrument's bank and program number to be selected.

See Also:

MidiSystem.getSynthesizer(), Soundbank, Instrument, MidiChannel.programChange(int, int), Receiver, Transmitter, MidiDevice

Nested Class Summary

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from interface javax.sound.midi.MidiDevice

MidiDevice.Info

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
Instrument[]	getAvailableInstruments() Obtains a list of instruments that come with the synthesizer.
MidiChannel[]	getChannels() Obtains the set of MIDI channels controlled by this synthesizer.
Soundbank	getDefaultSoundbank() Obtains the default soundbank for the synthesizer, if one exists.
long	getLatency() Obtains the processing latency incurred by this synthesizer, expressed in microseconds.
Instrument[]	getLoadedInstruments() Obtains a list of the instruments that are currently loaded onto this Synthesizer.
int	getMaxPolyphony() Obtains the maximum number of notes that this synthesizer can sound simultaneously.
VoiceStatus[]	getVoiceStatus() Obtains the current status of the voices produced by this synthesizer.
boolean	isSoundbankSupported(Soundbank soundbank) Informs the caller whether this synthesizer is capable of loading instruments from the specified soundbank.
boolean	loadAllInstruments(Soundbank soundbank) Loads onto the Synthesizer all instruments contained in the specified Soundbank.
boolean	loadInstrument(Instrument instrument) Makes a particular instrument available for synthesis.
boolean	loadInstruments(Soundbank soundbank, Patch[] patchList) Loads the instruments referenced by the specified patches, from the specified Soundbank.
boolean	remapInstrument(Instrument from, Instrument to) Remaps an instrument.
void	unloadAllInstruments(Soundbank soundbank) Unloads all instruments contained in the specified Soundbank.
void	unloadInstrument(Instrument instrument) Unloads a particular instrument.
void	unloadInstruments(Soundbank soundbank, Patch[] patchList) Unloads the instruments referenced by the specified patches, from the MIDI sound bank specified.

Methods inherited from interface javax.sound.midi.MidiDevice

close, getDeviceInfo, getMaxReceivers, getMaxTransmitters, getMicrosecondPosition, getReceiver, getReceivers, getTransmitter, getTransmitters, isOpen, open

Method Detail

getMaxPolyphony

int getMaxPolyphony()

Obtains the maximum number of notes that this synthesizer can sound simultaneously.

Returns:

the maximum number of simultaneous notes

See Also:

getVoiceStatus()

getLatency

long getLatency()

Obtains the processing latency incurred by this synthesizer, expressed in microseconds. This latency measures the worst-case delay between the time a MIDI message is delivered to the synthesizer and the time that the synthesizer actually produces the corresponding result.

Although the latency is expressed in microseconds, a synthesizer's actual measured delay may vary over a wider range than this resolution suggests. For example, a synthesizer might have a worst-case delay of a few milliseconds or more.

Returns:

the worst-case delay, in microseconds

getChannels

MidiChannel[] getChannels()

Obtains the set of MIDI channels controlled by this synthesizer. Each non-null element in the returned array is a MidiChannel that receives the MIDI messages sent on that channel number.

The MIDI 1.0 specification provides for 16 channels, so this method returns an array of at least 16 elements. However, if this synthesizer doesn't make use of all 16 channels, some of the elements of the array might be null, so you should check each element before using it.

Returns:

an array of the MidiChannel objects managed by this Synthesizer. Some of the array elements may be null.

getVoiceStatus

VoiceStatus[] getVoiceStatus()

Obtains the current status of the voices produced by this synthesizer. If this class of Synthesizer does not provide voice information, the returned array will always be of length 0. Otherwise, its length is always equal to the total number of voices, as returned by getMaxPolyphony(). (See the VoiceStatus class description for an explanation of synthesizer voices.)

Returns:

an array of VoiceStatus objects that supply information about the corresponding synthesizer voices

See Also:

getMaxPolyphony(), VoiceStatus

isSoundbankSupported

boolean isSoundbankSupported(Soundbank soundbank)

Informs the caller whether this synthesizer is capable of loading instruments from the specified soundbank. If the soundbank is unsupported, any attempts to load instruments from it will result in an IllegalArgumentException.

Parameters:

soundbank - soundbank for which support is queried

Returns:

true if the soundbank is supported, otherwise false

See Also:

loadInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank, javax.sound.midi.Patch[]), loadAllInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), unloadInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank, javax.sound.midi.Patch[]), unloadAllInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), getDefaultSoundbank()

loadInstrument

boolean loadInstrument(Instrument instrument)

Makes a particular instrument available for synthesis. This instrument is loaded into the patch location specified by its Patch object, so that if a program-change message is received (or has been received) that causes that patch to be selected, subsequent notes will be played using the sound of instrument. If the specified instrument is already loaded, this method does nothing and returns true.

The instrument must be part of a soundbank that this Synthesizer supports. (To make sure, you can use the getSoundbank method of Instrument and the isSoundbankSupported method of Synthesizer.)

Parameters:

instrument - instrument to load

Returns:

true if the instrument is successfully loaded (or already had been), false if the instrument could not be loaded (for example, if the synthesizer has insufficient memory to load it)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if this Synthesizer doesn't support the specified instrument's soundbank

See Also:

unloadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument), loadInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank, javax.sound.midi.Patch[]), loadAllInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), remapInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument, javax.sound.midi.Instrument), SoundbankResource.getSoundbank(), MidiChannel.programChange(int, int)

unloadInstrument

void unloadInstrument(Instrument instrument)

Unloads a particular instrument.

Parameters:

instrument - instrument to unload

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if this Synthesizer doesn't support the specified instrument's soundbank

See Also:

loadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument), unloadInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank, javax.sound.midi.Patch[]), unloadAllInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), getLoadedInstruments(), remapInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument, javax.sound.midi.Instrument)

remapInstrument

boolean remapInstrument(Instrument from,
                        Instrument to)

Remaps an instrument. Instrument to takes the place of instrument from.
For example, if from was located at bank number 2, program number 11, remapping causes that bank and program location to be occupied instead by to.
If the function succeeds, instrument from is unloaded.

To cancel the remapping reload instrument from by invoking one of loadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument), loadInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank, javax.sound.midi.Patch[]) or loadAllInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank).

Parameters:

from - the Instrument object to be replaced

to - the Instrument object to be used in place of the old instrument, it should be loaded into the synthesizer

Returns:

true if the instrument successfully remapped, false if feature is not implemented by synthesizer

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if instrument from or instrument to aren't supported by synthesizer or if instrument to is not loaded

NullPointerException - if from or to parameters have null value

See Also:

loadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument), loadInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank, javax.sound.midi.Patch[]), loadAllInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank)

getDefaultSoundbank

Soundbank getDefaultSoundbank()

Obtains the default soundbank for the synthesizer, if one exists. (Some synthesizers provide a default or built-in soundbank.) If a synthesizer doesn't have a default soundbank, instruments must be loaded explicitly from an external soundbank.

Returns:

default soundbank, or null if one does not exist

See Also:

isSoundbankSupported(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank)

getAvailableInstruments

Instrument[] getAvailableInstruments()

Obtains a list of instruments that come with the synthesizer. These instruments might be built into the synthesizer, or they might be part of a default soundbank provided with the synthesizer, etc.

Note that you don't use this method to find out which instruments are currently loaded onto the synthesizer; for that purpose, you use getLoadedInstruments(). Nor does the method indicate all the instruments that can be loaded onto the synthesizer; it only indicates the subset that come with the synthesizer. To learn whether another instrument can be loaded, you can invoke isSoundbankSupported(), and if the instrument's Soundbank is supported, you can try loading the instrument.

Returns:

list of available instruments. If the synthesizer has no instruments coming with it, an array of length 0 is returned.

See Also:

getLoadedInstruments(), isSoundbankSupported(Soundbank), loadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument)

getLoadedInstruments

Instrument[] getLoadedInstruments()

Obtains a list of the instruments that are currently loaded onto this Synthesizer.

Returns:

a list of currently loaded instruments

See Also:

loadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument), getAvailableInstruments(), Soundbank.getInstruments()

loadAllInstruments

boolean loadAllInstruments(Soundbank soundbank)

Loads onto the Synthesizer all instruments contained in the specified Soundbank.

Parameters:

soundbank - the Soundbank whose are instruments are to be loaded

Returns:

true if the instruments are all successfully loaded (or already had been), false if any instrument could not be loaded (for example, if the Synthesizer had insufficient memory)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if the requested soundbank is incompatible with this synthesizer

See Also:

isSoundbankSupported(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), loadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument), loadInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank, javax.sound.midi.Patch[])

unloadAllInstruments

void unloadAllInstruments(Soundbank soundbank)

Unloads all instruments contained in the specified Soundbank.

Parameters:

soundbank - soundbank containing instruments to unload

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - thrown if the soundbank is not supported

See Also:

isSoundbankSupported(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), unloadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument), unloadInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank, javax.sound.midi.Patch[])

loadInstruments

boolean loadInstruments(Soundbank soundbank,
                        Patch[] patchList)

Loads the instruments referenced by the specified patches, from the specified Soundbank. Each of the Patch objects indicates a bank and program number; the Instrument that has the matching Patch is loaded into that bank and program location.

Parameters:

soundbank - the Soundbank containing the instruments to load

patchList - list of patches for which instruments should be loaded

Returns:

true if the instruments are all successfully loaded (or already had been), false if any instrument could not be loaded (for example, if the Synthesizer had insufficient memory)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - thrown if the soundbank is not supported

See Also:

isSoundbankSupported(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), Instrument.getPatch(), loadAllInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), loadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument), Soundbank.getInstrument(Patch), Sequence.getPatchList()

unloadInstruments

void unloadInstruments(Soundbank soundbank,
                       Patch[] patchList)

Unloads the instruments referenced by the specified patches, from the MIDI sound bank specified.

Parameters:

soundbank - soundbank containing instruments to unload

patchList - list of patches for which instruments should be unloaded

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - thrown if the soundbank is not supported

See Also:

unloadInstrument(javax.sound.midi.Instrument), unloadAllInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), isSoundbankSupported(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank), Instrument.getPatch(), loadInstruments(javax.sound.midi.Soundbank, javax.sound.midi.Patch[])